In this aerial view, Mexican immigration officials and police escort deportees after they were sent back into Mexico on Jan. 22, 2025, as seen from Nogales, Arizona.  (Photo by John Moore/Getty Images)

WASHINGTON — A federal judge in Maryland Wednesday issued a nationwide injunction against President Donald Trump’s executive order that aims to limit the right to citizenship for children born in the United States, according to media reports.

Judge Deborah L. Boardman of the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, nominated by former President Joe Biden, heard the case brought by two nonprofits that represent immigrants and five pregnant women. They, along with their children’s fathers, are living in the United States without legal status.

“Today, virtually every baby born on U.S. soil is a U.S. citizen upon birth,” Boardman said, according to Reuters. “That is the law and tradition of our country. That law and tradition are and will remain the status quo pending the resolution of this case.”

The preliminary injunction is the second against the president’s executive order, after a Seattle, Washington, federal judge on Jan. 23 issued a 14-day injunction.

The executive order, which Trump signed on his first day in office, states that the federal government will not recognize or issue citizenship documentation to any child born after Feb. 19 to parents who are in the country without proper authorization, or if the parent is in the United States on a temporary visa and the other parent is a noncitizen or green card holder.

The Institute for Constitutional Advocacy and Protection at Georgetown University Law Center represents the plaintiffs.

The complaint argued the Trump administration’s executive order “is a flagrant violation of the Fourteenth Amendment, a federal statute, and the history underlying the text of those enactments, all of which guarantee the fundamental right to citizenship for all children born in the United States.”

“The children deprived of citizenship have no status or right to remain in the United States with their family, even as their older siblings will often be United States citizens and as their parents will often be authorized to live in the United States,” according to the complaint. “Indeed, these children may not have access to citizenship in any country, leaving them stateless, living forever at the temporary sufferance of wherever they find themselves.”

The complaint also argued that the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the issue in a 1898 case, United States v. Wong Kim Ark.

The Trump administration’s Justice Department argued that the 1898 Supreme Court case is misinterpreted, because Wong Kim Ark’s parents were both in the country with legal status when he was born.

The Justice Department argued that birthright citizenship should be limited to parents with “permanent domicile and residence in the United States.”

“Illegal aliens are not permitted to be in the U.S. at all,” Justice Department attorney Eric Hamilton said, according to Reuters.

Michigan Democratic Rep. Rashida Tlaib, left, speaks at a press conference hosted by immigrant youth, allies and advocates outside the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C., on Tuesday, Dec. 17, 2024. (Photo by Shauneen Miranda/States Newsroom)

WASHINGTON — In the crucial last month before President Joe Biden leaves office, immigrants and allies on Tuesday urged the president to offer protections for immigrant communities before Donald Trump is inaugurated.

The president-elect has promised the largest deportation in U.S. history, stoking fear and uncertainty among undocumented immigrants and immigration advocates over a sweeping platform that marked the core of Trump’s GOP presidential campaign.

Speaking near the U.S. Capitol, the “Home is Here” campaign featured immigrant youth, allies and advocates demanding Biden take executive action.

The national coalition, which fights to protect immigrant communities, also urged Congress not to boost funding for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and U.S. Customs and Border Protection during the lame-duck session in a way that would aid Trump in carrying out mass deportations. Members of Congress are expected to vote this week on a stopgap spending bill that would fund the government through mid-March.

Immigrant youth, allies and advocates traveled to Washington, D.C., from across the country, including states such as Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, New York and Utah, to rally and meet with members of Congress about their demands.

Claudia Quiñonez, organizing director of United We Dream, the nation’s largest immigrant youth-led network, said “before the keys to the White House are handed over to Trump, before a new Congress takes office, this lame-duck period is (a) critical window for our members in Congress and President Biden to leave it all on the field.”

Quiñonez, who is also a co-chair of the Home is Here campaign, said there is “no underestimating the length Trump is willing to go to fulfill his pledges for mass deportation in raiding our schools, our workplaces, our hospitals and our churches.”

U.S. Rep. Rashida Tlaib also voiced her concerns Tuesday over the president-elect’s immigration plans.

“We cannot underestimate, as you all know, what will unfold the moment Trump takes office in January, and we need as many people as possible working to resist this hateful agenda,” the Michigan Democrat said.

Tlaib noted that Biden “still has power to take immediate executive action to protect our immigrant communities.”

She also said “we must continue to work incredibly hard, not only to outwork the hate, but to really promote love and justice within our communities.”

Among its priorities, the Home is Here campaign aims to protect Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA, program recipients. A federal court will determine the program’s legal fate.

The Obama-era program was created in 2012 and designed to protect children who were brought into the country illegally from deportation.

Trump tried ending DACA during his first term.

During an NBC News interview earlier this month, Trump did not give specifics on what he intends to do about the program but said that he “will work with the Democrats on a plan.”

Immigration groups on Tuesday also expressed worry over the uncertainty of Temporary Protected Status, or TPS, which allows migrants in countries with unsafe conditions to legally reside and work in the United States.

Trump sought to end TPS for multiple countries throughout his first administration.