Lt. Gov. Sara Rodriguez speaks during a Wisconsin Technology Council forum featuring Democratic and Republican hopefuls in the 2026 governor's race Nov. 6, 2025. (Photo by Baylor Spears/Wisconsin Examiner)

The longest ever federal government shutdown that ended last week revolved around a top issue for Lt. Gov. Sara Rodriguez as she campaigns to be Wisconsin’s next governor: health and health care.

A registered nurse by training and former official at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Rodriguez has been deeply involved in health care policy, first in her single term as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly and then, since 2023, as the No. 2 official in the state’s executive branch.

And, she says, it motivated her to declare her intention to succeed Gov. Tony Evers after Evers decided to stand down from the 2026 election.

“One of the reasons why I wanted to run is to make sure that we have somebody in a leadership position that, No. 1, understands health care, and No. 2, really gets how unaffordable and broken it is,” Rodriguez told the Wisconsin Examiner in an interview Monday.

She also sees a shift in the federal government away from established public health principles, forcing states to take the lead on setting public health standards. In the governor’s office, she said, her professional background would equip her to tackle  those issues.

As  a state representative, Rodriguez proposed a bill in the 2021-22 legislative term to accept the expansion of Medicaid — BadgerCare in Wisconsin — through the Affordable Care Act. Expansion would allow the state to enroll people with incomes between 100% and 138% of the federal poverty guidelines in Medicaid, with the federal government paying 90% of the additional cost.

When the ACA took effect, Gov. Scott Walker was in office and refused throughout his two terms as governor to accept the federal support and expand the program.

Evers defeated Walker in 2018 and promised to accept the federal expansion, but in the lame-duck session before he was sworn in, the Republican majority in the Legislature passed a bill that Walker signed, requiring the Legislature’s approval for expansion.

Since then, repeated attempts by Democrats to expand Medicaid, including the bill Rodriguez authored four years ago, have failed with Republican majorities in both houses of the Legislature.

Another form of Medicaid expansion — covering mothers for a year after they give birth — has the support of bipartisan majorities in the Senate and the Assembly, but Assembly Speaker Robin Vos (R-Rochester) has opposed bringing it to the floor. 

“We are one of two states that have not done that — us and Arkansas,” Rodriguez said. “And I think Arkansas may be working on it. So we may be the only one left at the end of the day.”

Rodriguez’s political career started with her Assembly race in 2020, flipping a Republican seat in the Milwaukee suburbs. She followed that with her race for lieutenant governor in 2022 and now her  campaign for the Democratic nomination to run for governor in 2026.

Throughout her political life, she said, she has been supported by 314 Action, a political organizing group seeking to elect more scientists and people in science-related professions, including health care.

During the recent federal government shutdown, Democrats in the U.S. Senate insisted that any resolution to fund the government also extend federal subsidies for health insurance under the ACA. The expiration of those subsidies at the end of this year will cause health insurance premiums to double, on average, participants in the ACA marketplace. 

Ultimately, a handful of Democratic senators voted with the Republicans to advance a GOP-authored spending bill that ended the shutdown without addressing the looming health insurance cost spike.

But the issue won’t go away, Rodriguez said.

“We’re looking at a doubling of premiums,” she said. “A 60-year-old couple are looking $1,500 to $2,000 more a month to be able to pay for their health insurance. That is absolutely unaffordable for most Wisconsinites.”

The problem extends beyond just people who buy their insurance through the federal marketplace, she warned.

“The larger amount of people who are uninsured in the state, the higher our health care costs are going to get, because they’re going to wait, they’re going to delay care, they’re going to be sicker when they get into care, and it’s going to cost hospital systems more in terms of uncompensated care,” Rodriguez said.

“If people will go uninsured, it’s going to raise costs,” she added. “And continuing to talk about it, continuing to let people know how that works, is something that I’m uniquely equipped to do as a nurse, as somebody who’s worked within the health care system. And it’s one of the reasons why I’m running for governor.”

Rodriguez said she has seen the benefits that the ACA has brought in the last decade and a half.

Before it was in place, “people delayed care,” she said. “They came in sicker to my emergency department and it cost a whole lot more dollars to be able to treat them and they were out of work because they had to be treated within a hospital system as opposed to going to their regular doctor and being able to get the care that they needed and be able to take care of their diabetes, to take care of their hypertension. Those are the kind of things that the Affordable Care Act has allowed us to do.”

She said she’s heard from small business owners who were able to start a business because they could get health insurance thanks to the ACA.

“Do we need to fix it? Absolutely. Do we need to get it better? Absolutely,” Rodriguez said. “But to get rid of it is going to have devastating effects on health care in Wisconsin.”

Rodriguez said she also brings the perspective of health and health care to other policy topics.

“The medicine we give you, the procedures that we do — it’s such a tiny fraction of how healthy we are,” she said.

Food, housing and “a good-paying job to put a roof over our heads and to pay for the food we eat and to pay for the medications we’re prescribed” are health issues, too, Rodriguez said. That’s why housing affordability, for example, is part of her platform, she said. 

“Tom Tiffany in the governor’s seat [is] not going to put a priority on lowering costs for Wisconsinites,” she said.

She also predicted that, if elected, Tiffany would sign laws restricting abortion in Wisconsin — “and that is going to be extraordinarily dangerous for people.”

Rodriguez views her science background as a strong selling point. “I think we want somebody who’s going to use data and science to make decisions,” she said.

Robert F. Kennedy Jr., President Donald Trump’s secretary of the federal Department of Health and Human Services, has been “using conspiracy theories as his underlying belief system, and that hurts real people,” Rodriguez said.

She cited surging measles cases in Wisconsin and nationally and the deaths of children in some states after the federal government weakened its support for vaccination.

“That hasn’t happened in a decade, and they’re continuing to feed this anti-science rhetoric that is going to harm our kids here in Wisconsin,” Rodriguez said. “I’ve been clear, I think RFK Jr. should resign. I don’t think he’s qualified for the job that he has and he’s actually a danger to public health across the country.”

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Wisconsin candidates now have a path to get off the ballot besides dying, thanks to a proposal Gov. Tony Evers signed into law on Friday.

The proposal was triggered by 2024 presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s failed attempt to withdraw from the ballot in a bid to boost President Donald Trump’s candidacy. The case made its way to the Wisconsin Supreme Court, which rejected Kennedy’s argument after a lower court ruled that death was the only way for nominees to drop off the ballot.

Under the measure that Evers, a Democrat, signed into law, candidates can now get off the ballot as long as they file to withdraw at least seven business days before the Wisconsin Elections Commission certifies candidates ahead of the August and November elections and pay processing fees to the Wisconsin Elections Commission. The measure doesn’t apply to the February and April elections.

Many county clerks had opposed an earlier version of the legislation because the originally proposed deadline to drop out would have disrupted tight timelines to prepare, print and send off ballots on time. That deadline would have allowed candidates to get off the ballot any time before the election commission certified candidates’ names.

To address those concerns, Rep. David Steffen, the Republican author of the measure, amended the proposal to require candidates to let the commission know at least seven business days ahead of time. The law also would charge anybody impersonating a candidate to get off the ballot with a felony.

The measure passed the Assembly with a voice vote. It passed the Senate 19-14, with just two Democratic votes in favor. 

Steffen called the new law a win for Wisconsin voters, adding in a statement that it will “reduce unnecessary voter confusion.”

Clerks say they can adjust to ballot law

The new law won’t change operations much, said Wood County Clerk Trent Miner, a Republican in a county of about 74,000. Miner’s office programs and prepares the county’s ballots, which he said would make readjusting the ballots easier.

La Crosse County Clerk Ginny Dankmeyer, a Democrat, said a candidate dropping out at the last minute would still lead to extra hours of work since ballots are generally ready to be printed by then. But Dankmeyer added that it’s still doable and won’t stress her out. She said the new deadline is far better than the originally proposed one.

The Wisconsin law prohibiting withdrawal in cases besides death stood out nationwide as unusually strict. The state used to allow nominees to drop off the ballot if they declined to run, but it changed the policy in 1977 to the one that was active until Evers signed the new law last week.

Many other states allow nominees to drop off the ballot between 60 and 85 days before an election. Some states require polling places to have notices clarifying candidates’ withdrawal if they drop out after ballots are already printed.

Kennedy’s attempt to get off the ballot last year shocked clerks, who had already printed their ballots when his case was moving through the courts. 

His lawyers requested that clerks cover up his name on the ballot with stickers, a proposal that clerks said could lead to tabulator jams and disenfranchised voters. Kennedy still received 17,740 votes, or about 0.5% of the vote. Trump won the state by a little less than a percentage point.

Votebeat is a nonprofit news organization reporting on voting access and election administration across the U.S. Sign up for Votebeat Wisconsin’s free newsletter here.

Alexander Shur is a reporter for Votebeat based in Wisconsin. Contact Shur at ashur@votebeat.org.

Wisconsin candidates have path off the ballot besides death under new law is a post from Wisconsin Watch, a non-profit investigative news site covering Wisconsin since 2009. Please consider making a contribution to support our journalism.

Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., joined by President Donald Trump, delivers an announcement on “significant medical and scientific findings for America’s children” in the Roosevelt Room of the White House on Sept. 22, 2025 in Washington, D.C. Federal health officials suggested a link between the use of acetaminophen during pregnancy as a risk for autism, although many health agencies have noted inconclusive results in the research. (Photo by Andrew Harnik/Getty Images)

WASHINGTON — A majority of Americans disapprove of Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s job performance and the federal government’s evolving vaccine policy, according to a poll released Thursday by the nonpartisan health organization KFF.

In addition, the vast majority of those surveyed have heard the unproven claims made by President Donald Trump, Kennedy and others in late September that taking acetaminophen, also known as Tylenol, during pregnancy could be one possible environmental factor in a child later being diagnosed with autism.

A total of 77% of the people KFF polled said they knew of the statements, though whether people believe the claims, which have yet to be established by the medical community, varied.

Only 4% of those surveyed said it is “definitely true” that taking Tylenol during pregnancy increases the risk of the child developing autism, and 35% said the claim is “definitely false.” Thirty percent said it is “probably true” and 30% said it is “probably false.”

Combined, 65% said it’s either probably or definitely false to say that taking acetaminophen during pregnancy increases the chance of a child developing autism, a complex disorder that experts believe is the result of both genetic and environmental factors.

When broken down by political party, 86% of Democrats, 67% of independents and 43% of Republicans said the claims were either probably or definitely false.

The survey shows 59% somewhat or strongly disapprove of how Kennedy is handling his new role at the top of the country’s public health infrastructure.

The level of support changes considerably depending on political party affiliation, with 86% of Democrats, 64% of independents and 26% of Republicans disapproving.

A slightly higher number, 62%, either somewhat or strongly disapprove of the United States’ vaccine policy.A similar trend emerged when those polled were broken up by political parties. Eighty-eight percent of Democrats, 67% of independents and 31% of Republicans somewhat or strongly disapproved of vaccine policy.

The survey shows a declining share of Americans have faith in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to provide trusted information about vaccines, compared with previous KFF polls in September 2023 and earlier this year.

A total of 63% of respondents two years ago trusted the CDC on vaccines, but that has declined to 50%.

Democrats’ faith in the CDC’s vaccine recommendations has dropped from 88% two years ago to 64%, independents have gone from 61% to 47% and Republicans have remained relatively steady, only going from 40% to 39%.

Across political parties, a person’s own doctor as well as the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Medical Association remain broadly trusted for vaccine information.Eighty-three percent said they trust their doctor or health care provider, 69% believed information from the American Academy of Pediatrics and 64% had faith in the AMA.

The poll of 1,334 adults took place from Sept. 23 to Sept. 29 and had a margin of error of plus or minus 3 percentage points for the full survey. Questions broken down by a person’s political ideology had a margin of error of plus or minus 6 percentage points.

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The CDC says people age 65 and older should talk to their doctor about COVID 19 vaccines. (Photo by George Frey/Getty Images)

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Monday updated its adult and child immunization schedules to to recommend COVID-19 shots for people 65 and older after they consult with their health care providers.

The CDC also is recommending in its updated immunization schedules that toddlers receive the chickenpox vaccines as a standalone immunization rather than in combination with measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) shot.

The CDC announced what it called the return to “individual-based decision-making to COVID-19 vaccinations” in a press release on its website Monday morning.

The immunization schedules adopt recent recommendations by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), which has been overhauled by Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who fired  all 17 former members of the vaccine panel earlier this year and replaced them with his own appointees.

RFK Jr. fired everyone on a key vaccine panel. Here’s who he replaced them with.

“Informed consent is back,” said Acting Director of the CDC and Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services Jim O’Neill. “CDC’s 2022 blanket recommendation for perpetual COVID-19 boosters deterred health care providers from talking about the risks and benefits of vaccination for the individual patient or parent. That changes today,” he continued.

“I commend the doctors and public health experts of ACIP for educating Americans about important vaccine safety signals. I also thank President Trump for his leadership in making sure we protect children from unintended side effects during routine immunization.”

According to the CDC press release, individual-based decision-making “means that the clinical decision to vaccinate should be based on patient characteristics that, unlike age, are difficult to incorporate in recommendations, including risk factors for the underlying disease as well as characteristics of the vaccine itself and the best available evidence of who might benefit from vaccination.

“Individual-based-decision-making,” the release continues,” allows for immunization coverage through all payment mechanisms including entitlement programs such as the Medicare, Medicaid, Children’s Health Insurance Program, and the Vaccines for Children Program, as well as insurance plans regulated by the Affordable Care Act.”

Vaccines greatly reduce rates of death and disease around the world. The American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Family Practitioners, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Medical Association, American Nurses Association, American Pharmacists Association, National Academy of Medicine, and World Health Organization endorse the use of vaccines.

The health insurance trade group AHIP issued a statement last month saying health plans would continue to cover all ACIP-recommended vaccinations, including updated formulations of the COVID-19 and influenza vaccines, with no cost-sharing for patients through the end of 2026.

Health insurance group says vaccines in Florida still a covered benefit

The Florida Board of Pharmacy met briefly last month to affirm that Florida patients don’t need a prescription from their physician before receiving a vaccine. That’s because Florida law authorizes certain pharmacists who work in collaboration with physicians to administer vaccines.

Chickenpox

Meanwhile, the “new recommendation of standalone chickenpox vaccination for toddlers through age three follows evidence presented to ACIP by the CDC Immunization Safety Office’s that healthy 12–23 months old toddlers have increased risk of febrile seizure” from the combined chickenpox-MMR vaccine compared to those given immunization for chickenpox separately.

“The combination vaccine doubles the risk of febrile seizures without conferring additional protection from varicella compared to standalone vaccination,” the CDC statement says. Febrile seizures are brought on by high fevers.

Jess Deis, a nurse practitioner and nurse midwife in Kentucky and Indiana, learned she had cervical cancer after she qualified for Medicaid insurance in 2014. (Sarah Ladd/Kentucky Lantern)

Third in a five-part series.

It had been a decade since Jess Deis’ last women’s wellness exam when Kentucky expanded Medicaid and she finally qualified for the state insurance program.

Physicians recommend a cervical cancer screening — also referred to as a Pap smear, which is a swab of the cervix — as part of a wellness exam once every three to five years for women between the ages of 21 and 65. Deis, 43, was in her last semester of nursing school in 2014 when the test came back with abnormal results. Her doctor ordered additional testing.

“Then I got a call on a Sunday evening from a physician letting me know I had cervical cancer and I needed to see a specialist,” Deis said.

Cervical cancer is one of few cancers that has a known path of prevention after the approval of the first HPV vaccine in 2006. But that also means it falls at the intersection of three cultural issues that are facing strong political opposition — broad access to low-cost or free reproductive health care, access to vaccines for children, and sex education.

Kentucky had the highest cervical cancer incidence rate in the country between 2015 and 2019, according to medical research, and a mortality rate twice as high as the rest of the country. The state tied with West Virginia for the second-highest rate of 9.7 cases per 100,000 residents between 2017 and 2021. Oklahoma topped the list for that five-year period with 10.2 cases per 100,000, according to the National Cancer Institute.

Deis delayed the surgery to remove her uterus until after graduation, and later became a certified nurse practitioner. Now she provides Pap smears to patients multiple times a day at Planned Parenthood clinics in Kentucky and Indiana and other care via telehealth. She recently helped a patient who hadn’t been seen for a screening in 15 years discover she had advanced cervical cancer.

She is troubled by what could happen in the wake of the new Medicaid rule passed by Congress and signed by President Donald Trump in July that barred nearly all Planned Parenthood affiliates from receiving Medicaid reimbursements because some clinics in the nonprofit network provide abortions. Kentucky and Indiana both have abortion bans, but still have Planned Parenthood clinics to provide other reproductive health care.

“I don’t just worry; I know that there’s going to be more folks with stories like mine, but without the happy ending,” Deis said.

‘What we’re really talking about is our daughters getting cervical cancer’

The American Cancer Society recently reported the number of early cervical cancer cases has declined sharply among young people since the vaccine’s introduction nearly 20 years ago. But vaccine adoption rates for children are low in the states where rates are highest — about one-third of boys and girls between the ages of 13 and 17 were vaccinated in Mississippi as of 2020.

The vaccine is most effective when given before engaging in any kind of sexual activity for the first time, because it can prevent the sexually transmitted strains of HPV that present the highest risk of cervical cancer. More than 98% of cervical cancer cases are caused by HPV, and a 2024 study from the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found zero cases of cervical cancer in Scottish women born between 1988 and 1996 who were fully vaccinated against HPV between the ages of 12 and 13.

“We could make (cervical cancer) an eradicated disease,” said Dr. Emily Boevers, an Iowa OB-GYN. “But everything is falling apart at the same time.”

Boevers said limitations on Medicaid coverage and the loss of Title X family planning funding will make screenings and vaccines less accessible for the populations that need them the most, even if clinics don’t close as a result. But it will take years to see the consequences of these changes, she said, because it takes about 15 years on average for HPV to become cancer. 

“So what we’re really talking about is our daughters getting cervical cancer,” she said. 

Kentucky’s legislature acknowledged the importance of HPV vaccines as recently as 2019, when representatives passed bipartisan House Resolution 80, which encouraged females and males between the ages of 9 and 26 to get the HPV vaccine and everyone to “become more knowledgeable of the benefits of the vaccine.” Only four legislators voted against it.

But today, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is led by Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who has made false statements about the HPV vaccine’s safety and effectiveness and played a leading role in organizing a mass lawsuit against one of the vaccine’s manufacturers, Merck. The Associated Press reported the judge dismissed more than 120 claims of injuries from Gardasil, the name of one HPV vaccine, because of a lack of evidence. 

“Secretary Kennedy supports renewing the focus on the doctor-patient relationship and encourages individuals to discuss any personal medical decisions, including vaccines, with their healthcare provider,” a Health and Human Services spokesperson wrote to States Newsroom in September. “The American people voted for transparency, accountability, and the restoration of their decision-making power, and that is exactly what HHS is delivering.”

The response did not clarify whether Kennedy still thinks the vaccine is unsafe and what basis there is for that claim. 

Dr. Linda Eckert, a University of Washington School of Medicine professor and practicing OB-GYN, has an extensive background in immunizations and cervical cancer prevention. She served as a liaison for the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists to the CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices until 2024. Members of the committee were recently dismissed by Kennedy’s agency and replaced by new members, several of whom have reportedly expressed anti-vaccine views. Eckert said the group had plans in motion to present to the ACIP in June a case for administering the HPV vaccine at the earliest age of 9 before it was disbanded. 

Although Black and Hispanic women are affected by cervical cancer at disproportionate rates because of systemic inequities, Eckert said the fastest rising group experiencing late-stage cancer is white women in the Southeast. But she added that Alabama was the first state in the country that launched a targeted campaign to eliminate cervical cancer. 

Treatment for the cancer once it develops can also be difficult to obtain, Eckert said. It can be expensive and require many follow-up visits, and usually leads to infertility either through hysterectomy or invasive radiation treatments. 

“It is a really devastating disease to treat,” Eckert said. “Even if you live, you are permanently changed.”

Recent study showed zero cases of cervical cancer after HPV vaccine 

Dr. Aisha Mays, founder and CEO of a Dream Youth Clinic in Oakland, California, said the services her clinic offers to young people for free includes most of the same services that Planned Parenthood clinics provide, including the HPV vaccine.

“That’s the work of Planned Parenthood and clinics like mine that are encouraging and doing regular Pap smear screenings and vaccines, and having really clear conversations with young people around the importance of these procedures,” Mays said.

The recent turn against vaccines by some segments of the public and members of President Donald Trump’s cabinet who doubt their effectiveness and baselessly claim that they cause injury and developmental issues like autism has made the promotion of HPV vaccines more difficult for Mays. Overwhelming evidence, including from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shows that they are safe and effective.  

The vaccine can also protect against genital warts, anal cancer and oropharyngeal cancer, Mays said. There are about 40 strains of HPV in total that are known to infect the genitals, and more that can attach to certain patches of skin. Most people who have sex will come in contact with one or more of the strains by the time they reach their mid-20s or early 30s.

Mays’ clinic is largely funded by state and local grants, but it received more than $100,000 in federal funding for a sexual health education program through the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of Population Affairs. It was a nationally distributed podcast hosted by adolescents, Mays said, and they chose topics to talk about related to sexual health, including HPV.

The program’s grant was one of many that have been cancelled under the Trump administration. An objective laid out in Project 2025, the blueprint document for the next Republican presidency written by conservative advocacy group the Heritage Foundation, was to ensure no subgrantees of sex education programs were promoting abortion or “high-risk sexual behavior” among adolescents. It also stated that any programming should not be used to “promote sex.”

HHS also terminated funding for one of California’s sexual health programs in August over the state’s refusal to remove references in the programming related to gender, including the idea that biological sex and gender identity are distinct concepts. Another directive of Project 2025 was to make sure biological sex is never conflated with gender identity or sexual orientation.

States with high rates of cervical cancer have low density of physicians

States with the lowest incidences of cervical cancer, including Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut and Minnesota, also have the highest density of physicians per capita. According to the Association of American Medical Colleges’ state physician workforce data, Massachusetts has the highest number of physicians per 100,000 people, and Oklahoma ranks in the bottom three.

Kentucky is in the bottom 15, and so is Indiana, where Marissa Brown works as a Planned Parenthood health center manager in Bloomington. Brown described her clinic as “an oasis in a desert” because there are few options for gynecological care in the area, and even fewer for obstetrics. Brown said they routinely see patients from rural areas two or more hours away, and many of them are coming for wellness exams that include cancer screenings.

Indiana used to have 38 Planned Parenthood clinics, but through 15 years of funding cuts and targeted anti-abortion legislation, the organization closed 21 of them between 2002 and 2017. In the years since then, another seven shut down to consolidate services. Many of them did not provide abortions.

“We hear a lot about patients coming in who can’t get into their gynecologist for four to 12 weeks,” Brown said. “We can do that in a few days to two weeks, and we have walk-in appointments too.”

Health Imperatives, a nonprofit network of seven community health clinics in southern Massachusetts, can no longer bill for Medicaid because they provide medication abortions and received about $800,000 in reimbursements for other services in 2023, like Planned Parenthood. One of Health Imperatives’ clinics is in Martha’s Vineyard, whose working-class residents have to work three to four jobs just to afford to live on the affluent island, said Julia Kehoe, the organization’s president and CEO.

More than a decade ago, she said she noticed a pattern: Their patients would come in for an annual gynecological exam, receive an abnormal cervical cancer screening, but not follow up, because the closest available specialist would require expensive travel off the island. Kehoe said that once their Martha’s Vineyard clinic purchased a colposcopy machine, from privately raised funds, in 2012, they started diagnosing some of their regular patients with now-advanced cancer.

“In the first year that we did colposcopies, we found four individuals who had stage three or four cancer, who we luckily were then able to connect up to Boston for critical care,” she said. “But if we had had that capacity earlier … we would have caught it earlier.”

States Newsroom reproductive rights reporter Sofia Resnick contributed to this report.

Coming Thursday: Telemedicine could help narrow the care gap in rural communities.