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Farm Foundation Forum Underscores Need for Comprehensive Agricultural Labor Reform

The November Farm Foundation® Forum, Growing Together: Trends and Transformation in U.S. Agriculture Labor, highlighted some of the findings from a recent multi-day symposium that explored the future of the U.S. agricultural workforce. The symposium, held by Farm Foundation and the Economic Research Service at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, aimed to convene a network of researchers and stakeholders to engage in productive discussions focused on farm labor issues. The primary goal was to strengthen and enhance ongoing farm labor research.

This forum highlighted the critical importance of farm labor to the competitiveness of US agriculture, particularly for labor-intensive commodities like fruits and vegetables. The discussion was moderated by Michael Marsh, president and CEO of the National Council of Agricultural Employers, and featured panelists: Philip Martin Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Davis; Andrew Padovani, senior research associate with JBS International; and Alexandra Hill, assistant professor at the University of California, Berkeley.

The Forum covered a wide range of topics, including wage rates and competition, legislative and regulatory challenges, litigation and legal actions, mechanization and labor alternatives, and economic and demographic trends.

Numerous Issues to Consider

One point brought up was that there has been no significant agricultural labor reform since 1986, making it difficult to address current labor issues. Farmers must also contend with many new regulations, including those related to wage rates and worker protection. The impact of the Adverse Effect Wage Rate and competition with countries like Mexico was also discussed.

One solution to rising labor costs is a push toward mechanization, which brings about its own set of questions around adaptation to this change. In some cases, robotic harvesters are not yet fast enough or inexpensive enough to replace human hand pickers, but the gap may be closing fastest for crops like apples.

The H2-A program was also a large part of the discussion. The use of H-2A workers is increasing, but the program’s costs and regulatory requirements are significant. The anticipated impacts of the incoming administration on the potential for ag labor reform was also briefly discussed during audience question and answer session.

Overall, the Forum underscored the urgent need for comprehensive agricultural labor reform to ensure the sustainability and competitiveness of US agriculture. The discussions highlighted the complex interplay of wage rates, regulatory challenges, and the need for mechanization and alternative labor sources.

The two-hour discussion, including the audience question and answer session, was recorded and is archived on the Farm Foundation website. 

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Farm Foundation Forums Return to Washington D.C. to Discuss the Agricultural Platforms of the Candidates for President of the United States 

From left: Kristina Peterson with the Wall Street Journal; Rod Snyder, former advisor for agriculture for EPA in the Biden-Harris Administration; Kip Tom, co-lead of the Farmers and Ranchers for Trump Coalition.

Ahead of the 2024 presidential election, Farm Foundation hosted a Farm Foundation Forum to examine the agricultural platforms of the candidates for president of the United States. Held on September 9 at the National Press Club in Washington D.C., the Forum was moderated by Kristina Peterson from the Wall Street Journal, with Kip Tom, co-lead of the Farmers and Ranchers for Trump Coalition, representing the Republican platform and Rod Snyder, former senior advisor for agriculture for EPA in the Biden-Harris Administration, representing the Democratic platform. 

The speakers touched on a variety of issues, including the farm bill, tax policy, environmental policy, nutrition, agricultural trade, farm labor and immigration, and biofuels. 

“In such a wonderful Farm Foundation-way, they engaged on some really difficult topics and different perspectives,” said Farm Foundation President and CEO Shari Rogge-Fidler, reflecting on the tenor of the conversation between the two speakers. While not official members of the campaigns, each speaker is closely connected with the campaigns but was careful to anchor their statements on past policies while clarifying where they thought each platform might go on policy in the future. 

The event marked Farm Foundation’s return to in-person Forums at the National Press Club since moving the Forums virtual at the start of the pandemic. It attracted 769 registrants from seven different countries, with 522 attending live either in person or via livestream.  

The two-hour discussion, including the audience question and answer session, was recorded and is archived on the Farm Foundation website.  

Farm Foundation plans to hold another Forum at the National Press Club in 2025 but will maintain its virtual strategy for the bulk of future Forums to preserve greater audience access and reach. Forums are free to watch or attend, due to the generous support from Farm Credit Council. 

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Farm Foundation Book Club Discusses “The New Breadline”

The Farm Foundation Book Club is open to Farm Foundation Round Table Fellows and meets virtually once-per-quarter to discuss works related to agriculture, industry, and our world. This blog post was submitted by Round Table Fellow Jonah Kolb, president of Moore & Warner Ag Group, LLC. Round Table Fellow John Power, president of LSC International Inc., introduced the author and guest. Round Table Fellow Bonnie Brayton, venture associate at Fulcrum Global Capital, moderated a lively and engaging discussion.


The Farm Foundation Book Club held its third-quarter event on October 3rd to discuss The New Breadline by Jean-Martin Bauer, which centers on hunger and food security. The wide-ranging conversation between the author and Roundtable Fellows centered around three themes: the weaponization of hunger and geopolitics of food, food insecurity, and the production and distribution system of the future.

Theme 1: The weaponization of hunger and geopolitics of food

The main cause of acute hunger is war and civil conflict.  Currently about 300 million people worldwide are experiencing conflict-driven hunger.

The international community was slow to develop laws formally forbidding the use of famine and starvation as a weapon.  While these laws now exist, a successful first prosecution is still likely years away.  The potential exists for these laws to be applied both in wars between states and in internal conflicts within states.

The price spike that occurred in 2022 when Russia invaded Ukraine had major impact on wheat markets especially, but a deeper crisis was averted by multilateral negotiations allowing exports to continue from Ukrainian ports.  While this resolution was an example of success in problem-solving amid conflict, it highlights the challenge to the international community when dealing with crisis:  each crisis is unique and requires an individual response.

Theme 2: Food insecurity

An estimated 1 billion people globally are food insecure, including about 40 million in the U.S.   The lack of food and nutrition is a long-term problem for each community and a wide range of strategies are being used across the world. 

Bauer was the United Nations World Food Program (WFP) director in Haiti when WFP warehouses were attacked and looted.  Social media was a major driver of this event, and in response Bauer increased transparency and communication through social media channels to better communicate the activities of WFP in Haiti. 

In addition to the war and civil conflict driving food insecurity, climate change, lack of support for local farmers, and rapid population growth contribute to hunger in many countries. Much of the projected global population growth through 2050 will take place in Africa, and Niger is a case study in the challenges of climate and growing population.  When Bauer worked in Niger 20 years ago, the population of 11 million could largely be fed by local food production which took advantage of the 90-day rain season.  Today, a population of 24 million—on its way to a projected 50 million by 2050—is experiencing more irregular rain patterns which negatively impacts that local food production.  There is likely to be a significant movement of population to regions where food is available since there is no other viable option. 

Theme 3: Production and distribution system of the future

Bauer’s family and professional background in Haiti was interwoven through much of The New Breadline and the author highlighted the challenges of opening the Haitian market for rice imports.  Haiti went from a country that provided 80% of its rice consumption domestically to a country importing 80% of its rice.

This interplay between free markets, government subsidies, and food aid and local production is a significant focus of Bauer’s writing.  Local production and distribution are keys to addressing hunger. Food aid and trade policy displacing these local systems can have long-term negative impacts on hunger.

In his book and in the Farm Foundation book club, Bauer covered the use of direct cash provided to food-insecure individuals in lieu of food distribution.  A pre-requisite of such aid is the ability of local production and distribution systems to meet food demand. In such cases, $1 of direct aid has been shown to have a 1.3 to 1.4 multiplier effect in the local economy, without contributing to inflationary food prices.

World Central Kitchen, which has been active both in the domestic U.S. and countries around the world, sources much of its ingredients to produce prepared meals from local producers, which reinforces local food production capabilities, all the more important in times of duress.

Conflict, undercapitalized small farmers, and climate change will continue to contribute to global hunger. Bauer encourages a push-back against “selective empathy,” the idea that there are good disaster and bad disasters.  There are, more simply, just humans in need.  Fully addressing hunger requires more elastic thinking on building resilient independent food systems on a global scale, operated at a local level. 

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RENEW Launches GROW | Green Revolution of Women

On Thursday, October 3, the women of RENEW Wisconsin held the first of many GROW events. The Green Revolution of Women (GROW) was founded to create a welcoming space for women to connect, gain mentorship opportunities, and build lasting friendships that can enhance their work in building a clean energy economy.

At the heart of the clean energy industry are the dedicated individuals who work day in and day out to create a better environment for Wisconsin. Fostering inclusivity and empowering all voices can be a challenge in any workplace, and it is with this obstacle in mind that the women of RENEW Wisconsin aim to connect women through GROW. By sharing our experiences – whether they’ve led to major successes or taught valuable lessons – GROW was designed to offer support and inclusivity. GROW brings women together to have a greater collective impact.

“As someone who is new to the renewable energy field, I’ve only been in it for a little under a year, I find that when I go to events it often feels like I don’t know a lot of people, and we just wanted to create a space where we can come together and create relationships that will help us intentionally build a community for women in the clean energy field,” said Kim Bauer, while welcoming GROW attendees.

RENEW welcomed a diverse group of women from all across Wisconsin at our first event, with over 40 women in attendance. GROW attendees spent the evening networking and enjoying each other’s company at Giant Jones, a Madison-based, woman-owned brewery. The event welcomed established leaders in the clean energy industry who have a wealth of experience, newcomers to the industry, and recent graduates who are beginning to explore a career in sustainability. While building new relationships and reconnecting with old friends, GROW attendees talked about a multitude of topics, including excitement for having a space to connect with other women in the industry.

“As someone fresh out of grad school, GROW was helpful for me to learn more about the field of renewable energy from more experienced women and get some tips about networking in a comfortable space,” said attendee Rhiannon Erhardt, a recent graduate from the Nelson Institute of Environmental Studies.

As GROW continues to grow, the women of RENEW Wisconsin plan to create spaces where women can build confidence in their professional capabilities and feel empowered in the clean energy revolution. The GROW community will help women advance their careers and connect with those who have shared experiences. In addition to hosting quarterly events in Madison and Milwaukee, we have also created a GROW group on our community portal, which women in the industry are encouraged to join to connect between events! The women of RENEW Wisconsin want to express our sincerest gratitude for the crowd that showed up for our first GROW event and we look forward to seeing everyone in December.

 

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Farm Foundation Celebrates Its Innovation and Education Campus Grand Opening in Libertyville 

Nearly 150 people joined Farm Foundation in Libertyville, Illinois, to celebrate the grand opening of the Farm Foundation Innovation and Education Campus at 31330 North Milwaukee Avenue. The blustery weather on Saturday, September 28, 2024, couldn’t keep the crowd away as they gathered to learn about the importance of this special new hub for the food and agriculture sectors.  

Newly constructed on the campus, the Innovation and Education Center (IEC), designed to be in visual harmony with the property’s historic barn and farmhouse, houses a multi-media room, flexible gathering spaces, and a demonstration kitchen. These spaces along with the outdoor fields will all help to engage the senses and bring agriculture to life in unique ways for stakeholders across food and agriculture through new programs, such as the AG101 Bootcamp. The facility is also envisioned as an ideal meeting space where key players can come together to advance solutions to some of the most pressing challenges facing agriculture.  

Farm Foundation built the 4,000-square-foot building on its 14-acre property which operated as a grain and livestock farm for a large part of the 19th and most of the 20th centuries. It was selected from over 40 sites that were considered in the Chicagoland area as the perfect location to anchor Farm Foundation’s mission to build understanding at the intersections of agriculture and society.  The farm campus was selected for its ease of access by all forms of transportation, the natural beauty of the farm and surrounding area, and the multiple purposes the property enables. 

Highlights from the speeches and key moments at the Farm Foundation Innovation and Education Campus Grand Opening celebration on September 28, 2024.

Key Moments

After the Illinois State FFA officers presented the colors, Farm Foundation Board Chair Dan Basse and Farm Foundation President and CEO Shari Rogge-Fidler provided opening remarks. Reflecting on multiple inspirations and the efforts of many that came together to make the IEC a reality, their opening remarks anchored the vision for the new campus in place-based purpose for Farm Foundation’s programs and engagement.  

The audience then heard from the Honorable Michael Johanns, former United States Secretary of Agriculture. “This building will house experts and advocates in collaboration working together to build ideas and solutions to take action to change agriculture for generations to come,” said Johanns.  

He was followed by Ambassador Darci Vetter, head of global public policy at PepsiCo, who spoke to innovations in the agri-food supply chain; and Chancellor Robert Jones of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, who addressed the importance of radical collaborations and place-based strategies, hallmarks of the vision for the Farm Foundation IEC. “The challenges that we face are too large and too complex for any one entity to solve alone,” Jones said. 

After the ribbon cutting, the campus was open for visitors to explore. A highlight of the event was the several in-field demonstrations of innovations in agriculture from Beck’s Hybrids, InnerPlant, John Deere, Purdue Extension UAV, Syngenta, and the University of Illinois Center for Digital Ag. Attendees also enjoyed food samples from Calvetti Culinary Creations, Eli’s Cheesecake, Kraft Heinz, and Quaker from PepsiCo Foods. 

The Innovation and Education Center will be Farm Foundation’s new home, replacing the office space currently held in Oak Brook. The project team included architecture firm Kahler Slater, project manager JLL, and general contractor Summit Design + Build. Construction began in August 2024 and completed in roughly 12 months. 

For further information and additional photos from the grand opening ceremony, please access the media kit. For inquiries into space rental, please contact elizabeth@farmfoundation.org, or to learn more about collaboration, reach out to amanda@farmfoundation.org

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Symposium on U.S. Farm Labor Conditions Discussed Sector’s Diverse Challenges and Opportunities

Farmworkers play an “essential role in keeping food on our tables,” said U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack during opening remarks at a symposium held September 17-19, 2024, in Santa Cruz, California. The three-day event, “The Changing Landscape of Farm Labor Conditions in the United States: What the Future Holds and How to Prepare for It,” was hosted by U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Economic Research Service (ERS) and Farm Foundation. The symposium consisted of a two-day conference plus a one-day farm tour centered around the theme of U.S. agricultural labor conditions, challenges, and solutions. Dr. Jessica Crowe, chief of the Rural Economy Branch at the USDA’s ERS, along with ERS’s farm labor team, organized the event along four key themes: 

  1. Trends in the farm labor force—including presentations on worker migration and the H-2A Temporary Agricultural Program
  2. Labor costs—including presentations on the effects of H-2A Adverse Effect Wage Rate (AEWR) and overtime laws on farmworkers
  3. Farmworker conditions—including presentations on workplace safety; effects of climate change on worker health; workplace harassment
  4. Workforce development and technology—trends in training current farmworkers and a new generation to develop, operate, and repair new technologies in the field and lead packing operations

In her opening remarks, ERS Assistant Administrator Kelly Maguire stressed that although critical to the Nation’s food security, “farm work is potentially hazardous and ERS data show that farmworkers receive lower wages when compared with nonsupervisory workers outside of agriculture.” Complicating the issue, both the private and government sector will need to “accelerate adaptation to a changing landscape of farm labor,” said Maguire. This will be necessary for the United States to remain competitive as a producer of labor-intensive commodities like fruit and vegetables, she said.

The symposium’s opening remarks continued with Secretary Vilsack highlighting that “the USDA, Department of Labor, and employers can all play a role in addressing systemic challenges” while emphasizing the importance of building “a system that works for everyone… by creating value and opportunity for employers and farmworkers.”

In his keynote address, Dr. Philip Martin, professor emeritus at the University of California-Davis, outlined three responses to rising farm labor costs: an increase in mechanization, an increase in the number of migrant workers with H-2A visas, and an increase in imported produce. However, questions remain as to the extent machines can lessen labor needs by commodity, the number of workers the U.S. will need in the future and where they will come from, and whether the U.S. can import more fruits and vegetables from Mexico, Central and South America.

Day 1 Overview: Farmworker Well-Being

After opening remarks, the first day’s sessions focused on the changing farm labor force, farmworker wages, workplace safety, and farmworker health. Presenters described the changing demographics of domestic crop workers as one that is aging, increasingly coming from Southern Mexico, and more likely to have at least one chronic health condition. In addition, the number of farmworkers on migrant H-2A visas continues to increase. Several speakers discussed farmworker wages from the perspective of the farmworker and farm owner. Audience members contributed to these discussions by considering how high costs of housing factor into the discussion on wages. With respect to H-2A wages, Dr. Zach Rutledge, assistant professor at Michigan State University, discussed the adverse effect wage rate (AEWR) including how the AEWR is calculated, problems with its calculation, whether the rate is too low or too high, and how changes to the AEWR would affect H-2A and non-H-2A farm wages.

Speakers discussed the impact of farmworkers being excluded from many federal workplace protection laws on farmworker well-being. State laws are patchwork with some states providing more protection for farmworkers than other states. For example, six states have implemented (or are finalizing) heat standards for agricultural workers while three states have regulations in place for wildfire smoke. Despite agricultural workers having fewer workplace protections at the federal level than other occupations, farmworkers are exposed to hazardous conditions including extreme weather, wild animals, hazardous plants, dangerous tools, hazardous chemicals, and poor living conditions. These risks found in the workplace can lead to injuries and illnesses that are often left untreated until the problem becomes severe. Dr. Brenda Berumen assistant professor at Texas State University, described several barriers that farmworkers face to seeking medical treatment including the high cost of care, unpaid sick leave to receive treatment (resulting in lost wages), long travel times to receive certain health services, and a lack of information and resources (including information in their native language).

Day 2 Overview: Technological Innovations, H-2A Visa Program

The sessions on the second day focused on workforce development, technology, and the H-2A visa program. Advances in technological aids in orchards and fields, such as platforms used in apple orchards, can increase labor productivity while reducing injuries associated with previous picking methods. However, adoption rates are slow as the structure and architecture of existing orchards and fields have to adapt to the new technology. In addition, robotics in fields and orchards are continuing to advance, but have a ways to go before the technology is efficient enough to be cost effective. However, patents for artificial intelligence (AI) in agriculture have increased substantially in the past few years. It is yet to be seen how the increase in agricultural AI will impact farm labor.

The H-2A visa program is an increasing source of temporary agricultural labor. Presenters discussed the problems of the program, including scams and illegal fees associated with the recruitment of migrant workers, lack of oversight and accountability for employers who break laws tied to H-2A, and the tethering of farmworkers to employers by visa status. While speakers and audience members debated the impacts of H-2A wages on farmworkers and employers, overall, symposium attendees agreed that H-2A is a significant program that employers increasingly seek out to secure farm labor. Furthermore, attendees agreed that problems exist that can result in exploitation of farmworkers, during recruitment and employment. Dr. Kelly Maguire closed the symposium by thanking those involved who organized the three-day event, including the interpreters, reflecting on what was learned through formal and informal conversations, and encouraging attendees to continue to build on newly formed relationships and to nurture new perspectives and information gained during the symposium.


This post-event summary of “The Changing Landscape of Farm Labor Conditions in the United States: What the Future Holds and How to Prepare for It” symposium was written by Dr. Jessica Crowe, chief of the Rural Economy Branch in the Resource and Rural Economy Division in the USDA’s Economic Research Service (ERS).

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Biofuels Summit 2024: Policy Priorities that Deliver on Shared Values

Last week, biofuels advocates and champions from across the country convened in Washington, D.C., for the 15th annual Growth Energy Biofuels Summit (GEBS).

Emily Skor, Growth Energy CEO, and Tom Willis, Growth Energy Chairman and President and CEO of Conestoga Energy Holdings, opened the summit by highlighting the critical role of biofuels and setting the tone for the week ahead.

“GEBS really is a remarkable gathering,” said Willis, “Leaders and champions for homegrown biofuels from all across the country, descending on our nation’s capital to make our presence felt, our voices heard, and our needs and priorities crystal clear.”

In her opening remarks, Growth Energy CEO Emily Skor emphasized, “What’s good for biofuels, producers, and the entire bioeconomy is good for working families on a budget; good for energy security and independence; good for environmental stewardship and decarbonization; and good for economic development in communities that need it most.”

GEBS—the premier advocacy event for biofuels—featured prominent keynote speakers such as U.S. Senator Pete Ricketts (R-Neb.) and U.S. Senator Tammy Duckworth (D-Ill.), among other energy industry leaders and government officials.

Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack’s remarks highlighted exciting updates from the Biden administration.

“We’re working to create systems that will allow us to have our farmers be able to participate fully and completely in ecosystem service markets, which creates another new revenue source for them,” said Vilsack.

Ernest Moniz, 13th U.S. Secretary of Energy and CEO and founder of the Energy Futures Initiative Foundation (EFIF), previewed research on exciting opportunities to further decarbonize bioethanol.

“I would just note that the reality is, when you think about low carbon fuels, we have for decades been pursuing a variety of approaches towards low carbon fuels,” said Moniz. “The only one that to date has been found to be effective, scalable and affordable, frankly, has been ethanol production…And we can’t just sit around and pray. What we can do is work at this in the ethanol-approved, proven approach that can get us there.”

During more than 160 meetings with Congressional member offices, attendees stressed the importance of prioritizing policies such as a permanent solution for nationwide, year-round access to E15, accurate and timely guidance for the 45Z tax credit and setting Renewable Volume Obligations (RVOs) that align with current market conditions, among other issues.

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2024 Ag Scholars Present Research at USDA

The 2024 USDA ERS/Farm Foundation Agricultural Scholars recently completed their cohort year, presenting their capstone projects at the U.S. Department of Agriculture to USDA Economic Research Service staff during the second week of September.  

2024 Farm Foundation Agricultural Scholars visit Washington D.C.

The group of 20 Ag Scholars presented on topics ranging from utility-scale solar energy, to labor markets, supplemental irrigation, and food loss and waste practices.  

After their presentations, the students met with USDA Deputy Under Secretary for Research, Education, and Economics Sanah Baig, USDA Chief Economist Dr. Seth Meyer, and met with the House and Senate Ag Committees.  

At the end of the week, the Ag Scholars also attended the September World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) Lockup. 

The 5th cohort’s productive year connected the students with their field of study in a deeply meaningful way and forged connections across the industry that will serve them well as they continue to develop as leaders.  

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Upcoming Farm Labor Conference Tackles Critical Issues

Although critical to the nation’s food security, farm work is potentially hazardous, farmworkers receive lower wages when compared with nonsupervisory workers outside agriculture, and many hired farm workers lack legal work authorization and access to basic public services. For the United States to remain competitive as a producer of fruit, vegetables, and other labor-intensive commodities both private and government institutions will need to accelerate adaptation to a changing landscape of farm labor.

An upcoming conference on farm labor seeks to strengthen ongoing farm labor research by convening and developing a network of researchers and stakeholders. The Changing Landscape of Farm Labor Conditions in the United States: What the Future Holds and How to Prepare for It conference will take place September 17 to 19, 2024, in Santa Cruz, California.

The conference is presented by the USDA Economic Research Service and Farm Foundation. It will cover four key themes: trends in the farm labor force, including worker migration and the H-2A Temporary Agricultural Program; labor costs, farm worker conditions, and workforce development.

Visit https://farmfoundation.swoogo.com/farmlabor for more information and to register.

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2024 Congressional Fellows Travel to St. Louis

Six congressional staff members (two Senate and four House) recently participated in the 2024 Farm & Field Congressional Fellowship program. The group traveled to the St. Louis area during the week of August 5th to experience food and agriculture enterprises firsthand, and to talk to the owners and operators of those businesses about the issues that they address on a daily basis.

The group visited 39 North, CoverCress, and Danforth Plant Science Center, on the first day. On the second day of the tour, they visited the National Corn-to-Ethanol Research Center (NCERC), Keller Farms, J.R. Kelly Company, Eckerts Orchard, and the Jackie Joyner-Kersee Food, Agriculture, Nutrition Innovation Center.

This was the fifth congressional tour Farm Foundation has led since the program was founded in 2018.

Congressional fellows touring the greenhouse at the Jackie Joyner-Kersee Food, Agriculture, Nutrition Innovation Center.

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Ag Scholars Shine at AAEA

The USDA ERS/Farm Foundation Agricultural Scholars recently travelled to New Orleans to present their research at the Agricultural & Applied Economics Association (AAEA) Annual Meeting, held July 28 to 30, 2024.

Presentation topics included “Food Price Inflation Forecasting,” “Consumer preferences for Value-Added Foods from Black-Owned Food Companies,” and “Can Grocery Store Food Loss and Waste Reduction Practices Attract Shoppers?” among others.

Several Farm Foundation current program participants and alums won awards for their papers. These included Agricultural Scholar John Robinson of North Carolina State University, who won second place in the graduate student extension competition. January 2024 Cultivator Ryanna Tietje of The Ohio State University won second place in the undergraduate student paper competition.

The AAEA annual meeting brings together agricultural economists from around the world to discuss the biggest issues facing agriculture. The Agricultural Scholars were able to be part of those discussions, meet with USDA ERS staff, and learn about important research happening to improve agriculture.

A great crowd of Farm Foundation program participants and alums came together at the reception Farm Foundation held on the Monday night of the meeting.

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