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If you or someone you know is considering suicide, call or text the three-digit suicide and crisis lifeline at 988. Resources are availableย online here.
Aย recently released reportย details problems at Wisconsin prisons including high staff turnover, overcrowding and issues with solitary confinement. ย
Wisconsinโs Department of Corrections paid the firm Falcon, Inc. roughly $500,000 to complete the yearlong review of the prison systemโs adult facilities.
Among other issues, the report zeroed in on the departmentโs policies for solitary confinement, officially known as restrictive housing.
Alarms raised about solitary confinement of people with serious mental health struggles
The report raised concerns about how often people are locked up in solitary confinement while dealing with serious mental health issues.
โIndividuals with SMI (serious mental illness) placed in restrictive housing are more likely to become violent and, if released from restrictive housing, are more likely to return,โ the reportโs authors noted, citing outside research. โThose individuals housed in restrictive housing are also more likely to die by suicide than those living in other housing settings.โ
On the last day of March 2025, 872 adults were locked up in solitary confinement through the DOC, making up close to 4% of the prison population. That was roughly on par with the percentage of inmates in solitary confinement six years prior.
A significant number of those in solitary confinement โ 101 people on the day measured in March 2025 โ were classified as having a serious mental health issue.
Dusk falls on Columbia Correctional Institution on June 18, 2025, in Portage, Wis. (Joe Timmerman / Wisconsin Watch)
The report noted that people who spend extended periods of time in solitary confinement are more likely to be part of the DOCโs mental health caseload, meaning theyโve been referred for mental health needs of varying severity. Sixty-nine percent of the people locked up in solitary confinement for more than 120 days were part of the DOCโs mental health caseload. By comparison, 46% of the general prison population was on that mental health caseload.
The report did commend the DOC for attempting to limit extended stays in solitary confinement by adopting a May 2024 policy that requires a higher-up to approve solitary confinement stays longer than 120 days.
It urged DOC to change its solitary confinement policies by creating โalternativeโ units for people with serious mental illness, โso they can automatically be diverted from restrictive housing.โ
DOC urged to change practice of using solitary confinement for people on suicide watch
Per its policies, the DOC can send people to solitary confinement as โdisciplinary separation,โ which is punishment for bad behavior.
It also sends people to solitary confinement through what it calls โadministrative confinement,โ which is when people are deemed a threat to themselves or others if theyโre kept with the general prison population. Typically, that extends to people who are flagged for โsuicide watch,โ if theyโre deemed to be at risk for suicide.
But putting suicidal people into solitary confinement cells is likely making the situation worse, the report warns.
โObservation cells are typically in restrictive housing units, which is problematic,โ the report notes. โIndividuals on observation status are not allowed therapeutic items, visits, phone calls, or recreation.โ
The report urges the DOC to stop that practice and instead move its areas for observing at-risk people to โmore appropriate environments that support therapeutic care and patient safety.โ
Protesters call on the short-staffed Wisconsin Department of Corrections to improve prisoner conditions and lift restrictions on prisonersโ movement during a protest on Oct. 10, 2023, at the State Capitol in Madison, Wis. (Meryl Hubbard / Wisconsin Watch)
Marianne Oleson, an activist with Ex-Incarcerated People Organizing of Wisconsin, described the DOCโs existing solitary confinement policies as barbaric. She spent five years incarcerated in Wisconsin.
โItโs torture,โ Oleson said of solitary confinement. โAs someone who has spent time in their quote-unquote โrestrictive housingโ unit for being suicidal, youโre only compounding the harm and the hurt.โ
She said solitary confinement left her with permanent psychological scars.
โMy mind was my weapon,โ Oleson said. โMy mind was destroying me, and the answer they gave me was to lock me down with that weapon. And I nearly broke. Iโve seen women break, honestly.โ
In an email, DOC spokesperson Beth Hardkte acknowledged that most observation cells for people on suicide watch are located in the restrictive housing units of prisons, although she said there is no specific DOC policy requiring them to be located there.
โObservation cells are specially designed to ensure safety and property can be restricted to prevent self-harm,โ she said. โObservation status also requires more intensive staffing and availability of psychological or health care staff.โ
Report also highlights issues with overcrowding, high staff turnover
Also noted in the report are struggles with โstaff attritionโ and a large proportion of inexperienced staff members.
โWIDOC has experienced a great deal of staffing changes, with a significant number of the current staff hired during or after the COVID19 pandemic,โ the report notes.
And it detailed the DOCโs struggles with overcrowding. Nearly every state prison is holding more people than it was designed for. On average, menโs prisons were at 130% capacity, and womenโs prisons were at 166% capacity.
That overcrowding is leading to delays for people who are supposed to be transferred from one prison to another, the report notes. In some cases, that means people arenโt locked up according to their designated security level, such as men classified as medium-security remaining in a maximum-security prison.
Currently, there are more than 23,000 adults locked up in Wisconsinโs prisons โ making them over capacity by more than 5,000 people. The stateโs prison population is now roughly at pre-pandemic levels, which is more than triple the size of the prison population in 1990.
Oleson said the report highlights the need for policy and legislative changes to cut back on the number of Wisconsinites behind bars.
โIt confirms what we have said for years,โ Oleson said. โWisconsinโs prisons are dangerously overcrowded, under-resourced and in desperate need of healing.โ
Security cameras are mounted on barbed wire fence at Taycheedah Correctional Institution, a maximum- and medium-security womenโs prison, June 24, 2025, in Fond du Lac, Wis. (Joe Timmerman / Wisconsin Watch)
Wisconsinโs Democratic Gov. Tony Evers, who first took office in 2019, has said he wants to decrease Wisconsinโs prison population, although that reduction hasnโt happened in practice.ย Some Republican members of the GOP-controlled Legislatureย have said they oppose his goals of eventually decreasing prison beds and expanding certain early release programs.
In a statement, DOC Secretary Jared Hoy says the report by Falcon, Inc. shows the prison system is โmoving in the right direction.โ
โFalcon experts recognized the work of countless dedicated DOC employees to modernize our health care and restrictive housing policies,โ Hoyโs statement said. โAs much as weโve done, we can always do more, do better and the recommendations in the report provide a guide for our agency.โ
Wisconsin's Department of Corrections paid the firm Falcon, Inc. to complete a year-long review of the prison system. The firm's report detailed issues with overcrowding and solitary confinement.
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