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(STN Podcast E304) Bus Drivers as First Responders: School Transportation Active Threat Response Training

28 April 2026 at 19:21

Safety and training are forefront as the NTSB is investigating a Tennessee school bus crash that killed two teenage girls and an Oregon school bus driver was arrested for allegedly transporting students while intoxicated. Plus, new Clean School Bus program details are incoming, just in time for STN EXPO West in Reno, Nevada this July.

Jim Levine, founder of the School Transportation Active Threat Response Training, or S.T.A.R.T., joins us to discuss how school bus drivers can serve as the first line of defense against threats by interacting kindly with students and becoming trained on response tactics. His team brings its law enforcement, Secret Service, SWAT and School Resource Officer experience to an upcoming 4-hour training at STN EXPO West.

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The post (STN Podcast E304) Bus Drivers as First Responders: School Transportation Active Threat Response Training appeared first on School Transportation News.

Should gun violence intervention efforts start earlier? These researchers think so

Rows of lit candles in glass holders line a table, many with small photos attached, while people sit in a dimly lit room in the background.
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There are millions of Americans who have seriously considered harming others with a firearm but never acted on these thoughts, according to research from the University of Michigan published in March

Researchers say this means there could be a critical but often overlooked window for intervention.

It also suggests there is a group of people who can be targeted for various forms of novel intervention, the authors of the study conclude. 

Those more likely to report thoughts of shooting others were individuals who are younger, male, Black, living in the Midwest and in urban areas, according to the study. 

For Vaun Mayes, a community organizer who also does violence interruption for the city of Milwaukee’s Department of Community Wellness and Safety, the study’s conclusions ring true. 

“There are definitely usually signs of escalation prior to the results we see,” Mayes said. “Young people most definitely give notice before violence, and Black folks specifically culturally do as well.”

Millions report thoughts about shooting someone

The study found that roughly 8.5 million people said they had seriously thought about shooting someone in the year before being asked. Over a lifetime, that number rises to more than 19 million.

Although most never acted on their thoughts, the study estimated that 1.5 million U.S. adults had brought a gun to a specific location with the intention of shooting someone.

Fewer than 1% temporarily handed their firearm over during a time of crisis. 

The study found that gun owners are not the only people who are at risk of using a firearm, but those in the vicinity of gun owners as well. 

In other words, access to a firearm, rather than ownership, is a key predictor.

A temporary crisis and fatal outcome

James Bigham, a clinical professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, pays a lot of attention to when and how firearms are accessed, especially during times of poor mental health or mental health crisis.   

Access to a gun can turn a temporary crisis into a fatal outcome, Bigham said. 

“If we could shift our culture where it’s normal … to transfer firearms during a time of crisis, we could really reduce the rates of death,” Bigham said.

Mayes said it’s because of the gap between consideration and action that violence interrupters can intervene to deescalate a situation.

The authors of the study suggest this is especially true in states with red flag laws.

Red flag laws, also known as Extreme Risk Prevention Orders, allow judges to issue court orders to temporarily restrict access to guns by individuals who could pose a threat to themselves or others.

More than 20 states have a version of a red flag law, but Wisconsin does not

Wisconsin also has weaker gun storage laws than most other states. 


Resources

For those who are interested in places to safely store a gun, the Wisconsin Gun Shop Project’s “Live Today – Put It Away” program partners with participating gun shops – including several in Milwaukee County – to provide firearm safety information and temporary off-site storage options, often for a low fee. 

People can also go to the city of Milwaukee’s website to learn more about local violence interruption efforts.


Jonathan Aguilar is a visual journalist at Milwaukee Neighborhood News Service who is supported through a partnership between CatchLight Local and Report for America.

Should gun violence intervention efforts start earlier? These researchers think so is a post from Wisconsin Watch, a non-profit investigative news site covering Wisconsin since 2009. Please consider making a contribution to support our journalism.

Milwaukee Exec, gubernatorial hopeful Crowley responds to domestic violence death of Kenosha woman

9 April 2026 at 23:17

Milwaukee County Executive David Crowley speaks at the first candidate forum of the campaign cycle. (Photo by Baylor Spears/Wisconsin Examiner)

Milwaukee County Executive David Crowley, who is one of seven Democrats vying for the nomination in this year’s primary for governor,  is calling domestic violence a “public health emergency” after learning about the killing of a Kenosha woman, Makayla Plaza, 28, allegedly by her estranged ex-husband. Plaza’s attempts to get a restraining order against her ex-husband were shot down by a Kenosha County judge. 

In February, Plaza told the court she feared for her life and the lives  of her young children. But the judge denied her request for a restraining order. Markus Plaza, her 33-year-old ex-husband, was taken into custody after a 24-hour man-hunt following her death on April 1 TMJ4 reported that law enforcement found the man, Marckus Plaza, hiding in the basement of a salon. 

Makayla Plaza’s boyfriend said that her ex-husband would take her keys from her, lock her inside the house, and listen in on her phone calls. The Kenosha Police Department said that the husband had a history with the department, including an arrest for battery in February which resulted in no charges being filed. 

In a statement released through his campaign, Crowley said that “I have been sitting with this since I heard the news because I am also grieving,” recounting how his own friend Nancy Metayer — vice mayor of Coral Springs, Florida — was allegedly killed by her husband just days ago. Metayer was soon to announce her campaign to run for Congress. “Two women. Two states. The same devastating, preventable outcome. How many more?” Crowley said in his statement.

“I need Wisconsin to understand that this was not a fluke,” Crowley said. “This was not an isolated failure.” Rather, he said, tragedies like Plaza’s death are the result of underfunded shelters, understaffed courts and setting the legal  bar for protection “so impossibly high that a woman has to prove she is already in danger before we will act to prevent it.” He called for treating domestic violence as “the public health emergency it is.” 

Wisconsin has the tools and research it needs to make a difference, Crowley said, as well as the expertise of  social workers, survivors and advocates. “What we have lacked — what Wisconsin has lacked for too long — is the political will to act,” he added.  “I am done waiting.” If he is elected  governor, he said, tackling domestic violence would be a priority, including changing  how restraining orders are processed statewide, ensuring that survivors and their families have legal assistance and investing in mental health and substance use disorder treatment, as well as in domestic violence prevention and crisis support programs in all 72 counties. 

“So to the women of Wisconsin who are living this right now — I see you,” said Crowley. “If you are afraid, if you are trying to find a way out, if you have asked for help and been turned away or doubted or made to feel like what is happening to you isn’t serious enough — I want you to hear this directly from me: You are believed. What is happening to you is real. You deserve a system that fights for your life the way you are fighting for it every single day.” 

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Security Expert Shares Key Indicators of Violence for School Transportation Safety

By: Ryan Gray
30 March 2026 at 02:05

CONCORD, N.C.— School bus drivers play a critical role in preventing violence and ensuring student safety, and a seasoned law enforcement veteran is on a mission to equip them with the skills to recognize and respond to warning signs of aggression.

Speaking at the STN EXPO East conferece Friday, security expert Bret Brooks of Gray Ram Tactical emphasized the importance of training drivers to identify behavioral and verbal cues that signal potential violence, empowering them to take proactive steps to de-escalate situations and protect lives.

He shared actionable insights to help bus drivers and school staff recognize warning signs of aggression and prevent violent incidents.

“Every single human being has the potential for violence,” said Brooks, a retired Missouri law enforcement officer with 23 years of experience. “Violence is simply a way of handling a situation. If we can understand the biology behind violence, then we can start to recognize it before it happens and take steps to de-escalate.”

Brooks emphasized that violence is a biological process triggered by seven universal factors: Family, order, restraint, resources, mate, insult, and life or limb. He explained that these triggers, which have evolved over thousands of years, are deeply ingrained in human behavior and can be activated in high-stress situations.

He likened violence prevention training to CPR certification, stressing the need for regular refreshers and hands-on practice. Just as CPR training requires participants to practice chest compressions on a mannequin, he explained, violence prevention training should involve real-world scenarios to prepare bus drivers for high-stress situations. Without such practice, he warned, drivers may not be equipped to respond effectively when faced with a crisis.

The importance of training bus drivers to recognize concealed weapons was another key point in Brooks’ presentation. He noted a troubling trend in which active shooters are increasingly arriving at schools via school buses.

“That means kids with guns, knives, or other weapons are boarding buses, and our bus drivers are unknowingly delivering the murderer to the victims,” he said.

Brooks shared a chilling anecdote about a school bus driver who recentlly and successfully identified a student carrying a gun and planning to harm his girlfriend.

“We just saved somebody’s life because the bus driver could see what was going on, took action and prevented the active shooter,” he said. “That’s what gives me the motivation to keep moving forward.”
Throughout his presentation, Brooks outlined key nonverbal and verbal cues that can signal potential violence. He stressed the importance of observing clusters of behaviors rather than relying on a single indicator.

For example, excessive staring or avoiding eye contact, dropping the chin to protect the airway, rapid or deep breathing, flared nostrils, wringing hands, shedding clothing, standing with feet shoulder-width apart, and shifting weight can all signal aggression. Similarly, verbal cues such as strained speech, increased pitch, parroting or echoing words, repetitive word usage, nervous laughter, forced air exhalation, mass statements, indifference in conversation, and escalating profanity can indicate a loss of self-control and a potential for violence.

Proactive De-escalation

Brooks emphasized the critical role of de-escalation in preventing violence. He explained that when someone’s triggers are activated, it is essential to act immediately to prevent the situation from escalating further. He shared a real-life example of a school bus driver who failed to de-escalate a situation with a student for over 15 minutes, leading to a physical altercation.

“The driver never asked the student why she wanted off the bus. What if she had said, ‘Because I’m being molested in the back.’ That would have changed everything,” Brooks said.

An attendee commented that her school district uitlizes crises prevention training and encouraged her peers to do the same.

Meanwhile, Brooks suggested that bus drivers play the “what-if” game to prepare for potential scenarios.

“Don’t wait for the bad thing to happen. Have a plan ahead of time,” the security expert said. “If you see the train wreck coming, you need to act.”


Related: ‘Care Less Without Being Careless’ Urges Security Expert to Student Transporters
Related: School Violence Grant Provides Opportunity for Threat Assessment Training
Related: Times Are Changing … What Is Your Response to School Bus Violence?
Related: Q&A: Cybersecurity in Student Transportation: Why It Matters, Where It’s Headed


Brooks also acknowledged that the indicators of violence and de-escalation techniques for special needs students differ from those for the general population

“It’s imperative that we do special needs training,” he said. “Special needs drivers should be consistently trained to understand the unique triggers and indicators for these students.”

In closing, Brooks urged school transportation professionals to take violence prevention seriously and to recognize the importance of their role in ensuring safety. “This happens in every other school district, not just yours,” he said. “We have to be open enough to see things for what they are and act to prevent violence.”

By understanding the biological triggers of violence, recognizing key indicators and employing effective de-escalation techniques, school bus drivers and transportation staff can play a vital role in keeping students, staff and themselves safe.

Article written with the assistance of AI.

The post Security Expert Shares Key Indicators of Violence for School Transportation Safety appeared first on School Transportation News.

Security Expert to Share Indicators Violent Behavior at STN EXPO East

6 February 2026 at 21:10

Training school district employees to recognize early signs of violent behavior is crucial to safe student transportation, especially when school bus drivers are the first school employees to interact with the children each day. And they are often the first to encounter perpetrated acts of violence.

Bret Brooks will discuss this challenging topic at the STN EXPO East conference in Charlotte-Concord, North Carolina on March 27. Brooks will equip attendees with a practical framework, built not just from his experience as a student transportation safety and security consultant but also his background as a U.S. Army major and retired member of the Missouri State Highway Patrol.

This general session will discuss behavioral indicators, environmental cues and communication patterns that could signal potential violent behavior from a student. Using case-analysis, real-world scenarios and behavioral research, Brooks will explain how acts of violence can often be identified on school buses before they happen by recognizing verbal and non-verbal indicators.

Understanding Violent Behavior

The session will highlight the importance of discerning behavior patterns from isolated behaviors, such as changes in speech, mood, posture, speech and eye contact, and identify what are escalating behaviors that require review. Brooks also plans to discuss different types of violence onboard the school bus and how exposure to violence is impacting student behavior.

Attendees will not only learn to recognize the signs and increase their situational awareness but take the appropriate steps to address the risk and respond appropriately. This session is beneficial for school bus transportation professionals and school administrators looking to equip their staff to increase situational awareness, be trained in de-escalation, prevention and make informed decisions that enhance safety in educational environments.

Early Bird savings ends Feb. 13. Register for the conference by the deadline to save $100 on main conference registration. Registration will give access to this and dozens of other educational sessions, hands-on trainings and networking events including the Ride and Drive/Technology Demo, Trade Show and Thomas Built Buses tour, all held over the six-day conference. Register at stnexpo.com/east.


Related: STN EXPO East to Feature Timely Discussion on Managing Stress
Related: WATCH: National School Bus Inspection Training Returns to STN EXPO East
Related: WATCH: STN EXPO East Keynote Speaker to Outline Strategies for Creating Impactful Culture

The post Security Expert to Share Indicators Violent Behavior at STN EXPO East appeared first on School Transportation News.

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