Amid ‘Unprecedented Degree of Uncertainty,’ CARB Proposes Two Pathways for Emissions Regulations

By: Ryan Gray

25 September 2025 at 17:06

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) proposed an emergency action to continue enforcing engine emissions regulations because it says federal government efforts to undo them could result in the sale of vehicles that are not certified to any standard.

As California’s lawsuit continues against the Trump administration, challenging the presidential executive order in January directing federal agencies to terminate state emissions waivers and a resulting revocation of those waivers through the Congressional Review Act (CRA) signed into law in June, CARB said it wants to provide regulatory certainty and flexibility to manufacturers. For school buses and trucks, manufacturers could meet the Omnibus Low-NOx regulation adopted in 2020 or the previous regulation that met the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency levels set in 2010. The CRA this spring revoked three waivers, one of which allowed CARB to set a new level of 0.05 g/bhp-hr of NOx.

The public had five business days from Monday’s announcement to weigh in on CARB’s intent to enact its Emergency Vehicle Emissions Regulations by filing comments with the state’s Office of Administrative Law.

The emergency regulations do not address the Advanced Clean Trucks rule, which the CRA also revoked an EPA waiver for.

“The amendments would confirm that, until a court resolves the uncertainty created by the federal government’s actions, certain antecedent regulations (displaced by Advanced Clean Cars II and Omnibus) remain operative (as previously adopted) with the caveat that CARB may enforce Advanced Clean Cars II and Omnibus, to the extent permitted by law, in the event a court of law holds invalid the resolution purporting to disapprove those waivers,” the proposal reads.

In other words, manufacturers would be able to continue certifying engines under either the earlier-adopted emissions standards or the more stringent standards.

CARB noted that most engine and vehicle manufacturers have already planned on or achieved compliance with the more stringent emissions requirements. But CARB also warned that manufacturers choosing to certify to previous emissions levels assume the risk of having engines out of compliance with regulations, should current legal cases brought against the Trump administration go in California’s favor.

Cummins spokeswoman Drew Blair told School Transportation News that it was premature to respond in detail to CARB’s proposal, as it was not final. But she added Cummins is following the issue closely.

“Cummins is focused on delivering products with the power and performance our customers need to get their jobs done, while also meeting emissions requirements,” she commented. “We also will continue to advocate for national standards to bring clarity to our business and customers and ensure efficient and affordable products are available to power their needs.”

Earlier this month, a group of vehicle manufacturers led by Daimler Truck North America, the parent company to Thomas Built Buses, filed a suit against CARB, claiming the agency would need to re-enact previous legislation before it could enforce earlier emissions regulations.

“In the event the vehicle manufacturer’s claims were deemed correct … then CARB must take immediate action to maintain a stable vehicle market in the state and prevent the sale of vehicles into the state that would not be certified to either set of standards …,” CARB writes. “… Otherwise, in light of these unprecedented circumstances, there may remain questions — for the first time since CARB’s program began decades ago — as to whether any California standard is in effect.”

A Daimler Truck spokesperson said Wednesday the company could not comment on CARB’s proposal.

International, the parent to IC Bus, signed onto the Daimler Truck lawsuit. An International spokesman declined comment because the litigation is ongoing.

Meanwhile, CARB said Tuesday 23 percent of new medium- and heavy-duty vehicle sales in 2024 were zero emissions, more than double the minimum statewide requirement. The data is based on 30,026 zero-emission trucks, buses and vans reported to CARB by manufacturers. School buses are included in the reporting.

It was the fourth year in a row that ZEV sales increased. More than 57,000 ZEVs have been sold in California since 2021.

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Ford, GM, And Stellantis Paid Billions To Tesla And Rivian Until Trump Pulled The Plug

Electric Vehicles - Latest News | Carscoops

By: Stephen Rivers

13 September 2025 at 21:29

Ford, GM, and Stellantis stand to save billions under Trump’s emissions rollback.
On the other hand, Tesla could lose more than $1 billion annually in credit revenue.
EPA’s mission to protect health and the environment clashes with its current stance.

The automotive industry never stops changing, but 2025 has been unlike most as Donald Trump’s policies have changed the way automakers are doing business. The elimination of federal tax credits for electric vehicles is a major move on its own. Paired with the removal of penalties for missing fuel economy targets under CAFE regulations, the result is a playing field with entirely new rules.

The immediate winners are the combustion-heavy brands that can now focus on selling trucks and SUVs without financial punishment. On the other side, Tesla, Rivian, and other EV specialists stand to lose billions, not because demand for their cars will collapse, but because a critical source of revenue has been pulled out from under them. At the center of the storm is an Environmental Protection Agency that appears to be working against the mission printed on its own website.

Cash Flow Reversal

Since 2022, GM has spent some $3.5 billion buying regulatory credits, says Bloomberg. Ford and Stellantis have spent billions as well. That cash went to brands like Tesla and Rivian, which had plenty of credits to sell since their cars emit zero emissions. With the end of EV tax credits and CAFE fines for breaking regulations, Ford, GM and Stellantis can pour the money they would’ve spent on credits back into their own piggy bank.

Read: Millions Hate This Fuel Saving Tech So EPA Wants To Get Rid Of It

Ford CEO Jim Farley said the policy shift has the “potential to unlock a multibillion-dollar opportunity,” noting that the Blue Oval is already retooling its Oakville, Ontario, plant to build Super Duty pickups instead of EVs.

Ford, GM, And Stellantis Paid Billions To Tesla And Rivian Until Trump Pulled The Plug

GM is also cutting back on EV production, opting to overhaul factories for gasoline-fueled models. Stellantis, meanwhile, has gone so far as to revive the thirsty Hemi V8 engine, something previously thought dead in the age of electrification. With all of these changes, death might now be coming for some EV brands.

Trouble Ahead For EV Startups

Not only does the end of tax credits make purchasing an EV less palatable for many, but it also means that brands which used to benefit from selling tax credits now need to readjust to the new reality. Smaller brands, though, might be in big trouble. For example, Slate’s trucklet looks almost pointless with a starting price near $30,000 as the EV tax credit was vital to its success.

Even larger brands like Tesla and Rivian have leaned on the pure profit they’ve gained by selling regulatory credits. That money likely won’t be coming back anytime soon and that’s because the EPA seems willing to do just about anything the Trump Administration deems reasonable.

A Mission Ignored

It states plainly that its mission is “to protect human health and the environment.” Love them or hate them, electric vehicles are probably better at that than combustion cars. In fact, the EPA itself has an entire page dedicated to debunking the myths so many like to perpetuate surrounding them.

Things like “EVs are worse for the climate than gas cars,” “EVs are unreliable,” and “EVs will collapse the power grid.” Furthermore, J.D. Power is one of many sources that indicate that when all costs are considered, EVs are cheaper to buy, maintain, and own long-term when compared to combustion cars.

No one argues that people should be forced into one type of car. Choice matters. The government shouldn’t force anyone into a specific car or truck. But supporting policies that improve human health and the environment is what the EPA literally says it’s supposed to do.

By supporting Trump’s rollback of strict fuel economy standards and regulations, the agency is doing the exact opposite of its own mission statement. It’s clearing the way for automakers to build more polluting vehicles, burn more fuel, and erase billions in total consumer savings. If the EPA won’t uphold its own mission, it seems that nobody will.

Credit: Ford / GM / Slate / EPA

Engine, Truck Manufacturers Support EPA Easing Derate of SCR Diesel Emissions Controls

School Transportation News

By: Taylor Ekbatani

21 August 2025 at 04:20

Engine manufacturers using selective catalytic reduction (SCR) emission control technology have new federal guidance allowing them to more gradually “derate” systems when diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) depletes.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrator Lee Zeldin announced during the Iowa State Fair last week the new action designed to protect American farmers, truckers and other diesel equipment operators from sudden speed and power losses caused by DEF systems.

“We have heard loud and clear from small businesses across the U.S. that the current DEF system is unacceptable,” Zeldin said in a statement. “It is unacceptable that farmers, truckers, construction workers, and many other small businesses continually experience failures of diesel-powered equipment when they need it most—costing millions of dollars in lost productivity. Today, we are responding to those concerns by calling on manufacturers to take action to update their software and eliminate the unnecessary sudden loss of power and frustrating shutdowns that too many Americans have experienced.”

EPA issued the guidance urging diesel engine and off-road farm equipment manufacturers to revise DEF system software in existing vehicles and equipment to prevent these sudden shutdowns. Starting with model year 2027, all new diesel on-road trucks and motorcoaches must be engineered to avoid sudden and severe power loss after running out of DEF.

EPA said it also has a fix for derate issues in legacy diesel vehicles with SCR.

“To fix the problem for vehicles already in use, EPA’s new guidance, developed in collaboration with manufacturers, will work to ensure that the necessary software changes can be made on the existing fleet,” the press release notes. “In addition to providing certainty to manufacturers about how EPA wants this issue resolved, the agency is not requiring separate approvals beyond that provided in EPA’s guidance. This ensures that bureaucratic steps do not delay manufacturers’ ability to put solutions into the field.”

Since 2010, SCR has used on-board diagnostics sensors to detect when DEF runs out or diesel particulate filters clog and then initiate a rapid derate of the engine. Within four hours of DEF depletion, vehicles automatically slow to five miles per hour.

But the results for industries have been “catastrophic,” said EPA, as disruptions have occurred to logistics, agriculture and construction. Several diesel engine manufacturers also initiated recalls over their SCR technology. Cummins recalled 2010 to 2015 medium- and heavy-duty engines, including the ISB 6.7 for school buses, because the SCR unit catalysts degraded faster than expected.

“At Cummins, we recognize our responsibility in powering some of the country’s most economically vital applications, from the buses that take our kids to and from school to the trucks that deliver critical goods,” a statement from the company reads. “Collaboration with our customers is at the heart of what we do, ensuring we deliver solutions that meet their business needs while continuously innovating to improve fuel efficiency, reduce costs and enhance reliability. SCR is a widely accepted, proven technology utilized in many applications, and we are committed to working closely with the EPA and the select customers affected by SCR inducements. Together, we aim to provide regulatory certainty, greater flexibility and the dependable solutions that contribute to the American economy.”

Daimler Truck North America told School Transportation News it welcomes the new guidance.

“We are supportive of the efforts to provide more flexibility with regard to DEF inducement and are actively working on solutions to support our customers,” the statement reads.

The Engine Technology Forum and several other organizations also support the new derate guidance.

“EPA has heard from users of diesel trucks, tractors and equipment and, working with manufacturers, has responded with these adjustments to improve operational performance while ensuring emissions integrity,” Executive Director Allen Schaeffer said. “EPA’s announcement [Aug. 12] provides new guidance that allows manufacturers to adjust these systems to ensure that farmers, motor coach operators, and truckers, who all rely on diesel engines and equipment, will be able to complete critical work with sufficient lead time for scheduling maintenance and repairs.”

EPA derate schedule — **Source: U.S. EPA**

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(STN Podcast E270) Not Just a Job: Hear From Dick Fischer School Bus Safety Scholarship Award Winner

School Transportation News

By: Claudia Newton

19 August 2025 at 21:10

More EPA regulatory changes in the truck and bus market prompt continuing clean fuel conversations. Also, learn more about the crucial training at the upcoming Transporting Students with Disabilities & Special Needs Conference and Trade Show.

Kara Sands, transportation lead trainer and driver at Hanover Community Schools Corporation in Indiana, was selected to receive the inaugural Dick Fischer School Bus Safety Scholarship for STN EXPO West this year. She discusses ways to promote safe school bus operations and her takeaways from STN EXPO.

Trump’s EPA Eases Derate Rules, Boosting Bus Passenger Safety

School Transportation News

By: Bus ＆ Motorcoach News

13 August 2025 at 17:34

The Environmental Protection Agency on Tuesday announced sweeping changes to rules governing diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) systems, aimed at preventing sudden power losses that have long frustrated farmers, truckers and bus operators.

The Trump administration says the guidance, which takes effect immediately, will ease operational disruptions and reduce safety risks while maintaining emissions standards.

EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin unveiled the changes during a press call from the Iowa State Fair alongside Small Business Administrator Kelly Loeffler, Agriculture Secretary Brooke Rollins and Sen. Joni Ernst, R-Iowa.

“The United Motorcoach Association applauds the new guidance from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the leadership of Administrator Lee Zeldin regarding Diesel Exhaust Fluid regulations for motorcoaches,” remarked UMA’s President and CEO Scott Michael. “EPA’s new guidance will improve safety, avoid passengers stranded on the side of the road, and unnecessary towing costs while maintaining the goal of safeguarding the environment.”

The policy allows manufacturers to reprogram existing vehicles to avoid abrupt “derates” — a rapid reduction in engine power — that can cut a vehicle’s speed to as little as 5 mph within hours of a DEF system fault.

“This is yet another common-sense policy,” Zeldin said. “We can protect the environment and grow the economy at the same time.”

Under current rules, a sensor failure in a DEF system can trigger severe speed limits within four hours, sometimes leaving vehicles stranded mid-operation. Zeldin said the new guidance will extend that timeline significantly.

‘Massive Deregulation’

Loeffler said the new policy will save America’s 1.8 million family farms an estimated $727 million annually.

“This is massive deregulation,” she said. “It’s solving a huge, long-standing issue that has gone on for 15 years.”

Rollins called the announcement “a big deal” for producers already struggling with higher costs and frequent downtime.

“We’re doing God’s work,” she said. “This is how we return power to the people and get the strangulation of overregulation out of everyday mom-and-pop small business owners’ lives, especially our farmers.”

While much of the call centered on agriculture and freight, Zeldin emphasized the rule’s importance for the passenger transportation industry.

“This was one of the concerns we heard from bus operators,” Zeldin told Bus & Motorcoach News. “It’s a safety concern when a bus is forced to park unexpectedly on the side of the road for an extended period of time. That’s all a product of poor government policy that didn’t think through the consequences.”

Phil Streif, of Vandalia Bus Lines in Caseyville, Illinois, told Bus & Motorcoach News in a separate interview that the change is the result of years of advocacy to bring operators’ perspectives to federal regulators. Streif began contacting the EPA five years ago, warning that the four-hour repair window was “just not realistic” for the motorcoach industry.

“After countless meetings with EPA and CARB, we finally got relief,” Streif said, “but the question remained about existing fleets.”

That question led to additional negotiations — and resistance from some engine manufacturers — before regulators agreed to modify the rules for vehicles already in service.

Uncertainty over future federal regulations already has disrupted one engine maker’s plans. Cummins Inc., a manufacturer of diesel engines, announced this month the postponement of the launch of its new X15 diesel engine for heavy-duty trucks to late 2026.

Initially unveiled in February with features meeting 2027 EPA and CARB standards, the engine was set for pre-orders in mid-2025 and deliveries in 2026. A statement from Cummins touted the technology used in the X15.

“Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is a widely accepted, proven technology utilized in many applications, and we are committed to working closely with the EPA and the select customers affected by SCR inducements. Together, we aim to provide regulatory certainty, greater flexibility, and the dependable solutions that contribute to the American economy.”

Ending a Safety Risk

Streif said two moments proved decisive in resolving the derating issue: meeting EPA’s Amy Kopin, “who strongly advocated for us,” and the change in agency leadership when Zeldin took over. “They came out early, promising a goal to reduce regulation and the red tape that makes our businesses more challenging to operate. After many exchanges, we made great progress, and now we’re finally at the finish line.”

The new rules give bus operators 40 hours before even a minor torque reduction — something Streif calls “a game changer.”

“There are so many things that run through your head when you see an inducement code and know you have four hours before the bus is essentially inoperable,” he said. “We’re moving the most precious cargo there is — people — and derating created a profound safety risk for our drivers and passengers.”

Streif recounted an incident just two weeks ago in which a bus in New Orleans began showing a DEF-related fault code. Mechanics attempted repairs, but the problem reappeared within hours, forcing the company to dispatch a replacement bus from Alabama to ensure passengers could return home on time.

“Something that could have waited until we got the bus back created an obstacle for us that we had limited options for,” he said.

The industry’s challenge was compounded by the scarcity of repair shops for motorcoaches, especially in remote areas or during off-hours. “There were no signs that could predict when a sensor would go bad, so it was like rolling the dice every time a bus went out,” Streif said.

Streif credited the American Bus Association, United Motorcoach Association, and International Motorcoach Group with helping build the case for reform.

“With their help and many members’ feedback, we were able to collect hard data and surveys that provided factual statistics on the impact derates have,” he said. “Honestly, without the strength of these great organizations, we probably wouldn’t have the results we were able to achieve.”

Putting Focus on Bus Industry

The advocacy also exposed a gap in federal oversight. “When I initially reached out to the EPA, their response was, ‘Oh, we didn’t even consider buses,’” Streif said. “It’s been stated before that our industry has been left out in the past, but I think that’s going to change going forward.”

He said the industry will need to maintain its presence in regulatory discussions. “Although our industry is small, we all work together in a way that other industries don’t see. That’s what will make us successful as long as we continue to support one another.”

Ernst praised the EPA’s move, calling the previous guidelines “arbitrary” and harmful to productivity. She also tied the changes to broader Republican efforts to roll back regulations enacted during the Biden administration.

Zeldin said the change reflects a broader philosophy of governance.

“Today’s guidance bridges the gap between now and 2027, ensuring existing vehicles on the road and in the field are just as dependable,” he said. “We’re both protecting human health and the environment and the people who depend on diesel engines to do their job.”

The EPA said no additional agency approval will be required for manufacturers to implement the new software changes.

For Streif, the new timeline — 40 hours before a small torque derate, then 200 hours before a 50 mph limit — is one the industry can live with. “On flat stretches we won’t see any impact,” he said. “I think we can all live with that.”

This article is reprinted with the permission of Bus and Motorcoach News. Read the original post here.

The post Trump’s EPA Eases Derate Rules, Boosting Bus Passenger Safety appeared first on School Transportation News.

(STN Podcast E268) Learning Curve: EPA Surprise, Young Michigan Asst. TD Talks Leadership

School Transportation News

By: Claudia Newton

5 August 2025 at 23:16

Big news as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency looks to eliminate greenhouse gas regulations. How will school bus manufacturers and school districts respond? Also read the new August issue of STN magazine.

Nashawn Craig, assistant director of transportation and fleet at Taylor Schools in Michigan, discusses aspects of leadership including being promoted as a younger person, retaining staff, collaborating with administration and implementing new technology.

EPA Proposal Seeks to Eliminate GHG Regulations for Vehicles, Engines

School Transportation News

By: Ryan Gray

31 July 2025 at 00:48

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is reconsidering the 16-year-old Obama administration ruling on greenhouse gases that formed the nation’s regulatory landscape for transportation emissions, including those for school buses.

The proposed rule rolled out by EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin Tuesday at an auto dealership in Indianapolis, Indiana could save more than $54 billion annually in manufacturing costs passed on to consumers, EPA said. It claims emissions regulations implemented over the past 15 years created $1 trillion in costs to manufacturing, power and industrial sectors for meeting various emissions requirements.

While the 300-page document does not mention school buses by name, it focuses on repealing GHG emission standards for various categories of vehicles, including the categories of medium- and heavy-duty trucks and engines that school buses fall under. Specifically, it seeks to remove Part 85 on control of air pollution from mobile sources, Part 86—Control of Emissions from New and In-use Highway Vehicles and Engines, Part 600—Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emissions of Motor Vehicles, Part 1036—Control of Emissions from New and In-use Heavy Duty Highway Engines, Part 1037—Control of Emissions from New Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles, and Part 1039—Control of Emissions from New and In-use Non-road Compression-Ignition Engines.

Already, EPA is reconsidering the implementation of its GHG Phase 3 Rule for heavy-duty trucks and buses that is set to start in 2027.

The proposed rule seeks to reinterpret the Clean Air Act, specifically Section 202(a), known as the Endangerment Finding, which concluded that carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride contribute to air pollution and endanger public health. The proposed rule argues that the Endangerment Finding is legally flawed, scientifically uncertain and economically counterproductive. EPA claims it was historically applied to address local and regional air pollution, not global climate change concerns.

This interpretation exceeded statutory authority, writes EPA, adding that Congress did not clearly authorize the EPA to regulate GHG emissions based on global climate change concerns “because that provision authorizes regulating only air pollutants that ‘cause or contribute to air pollution which may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or welfare.’”

The proposed rule also notes the U.S. Supreme Court rulings in West Virginia v. EPA and Utility Air Regulatory Group v. EPA that federal agencies cannot assert transformative regulatory authority without explicit congressional approval. Instead, agencies must have more than a “colorable textual basis” to decide major questions of policy.

EPA also questions “unreasonably analyzed” scientific data used to support the original “Endangerment Finding” that declared GHG to endanger public health and welfare. The proposed rule cites projections of global warming increases, health risks from heat waves, and impacts of other health events. It also notes empirical data, peer-reviewed studies and real-world developments since 2009 that “cast significant doubt on many of the critical premises, assumptions and conclusions in the Endangerment Finding.”

The proposal also claims technological limitations in addressing global climate change concerns, as “reducing GHG emissions from all vehicles and engines in the U.S. to zero would not have a scientifically measurable impact on GHG emission concentrations or global warming potential,” according to a May 27 draft report by the U.S. Department of Energy Climate Working Group.

EPA also notes President Donald Trump’s recent “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” repealed certain GHG provisions.

As for economic concerns, EPA highlighted that GHG emissions standards have increased vehicle costs, slowed fleet turnover and reduced consumer access to newer, safer and more efficient vehicles.

Public comments on EPA-HQ-OAR-2025-0194 are due by Sept. 21.

The post EPA Proposal Seeks to Eliminate GHG Regulations for Vehicles, Engines appeared first on School Transportation News.

EPA Provides Update on Clean School Bus Program

School Transportation News

By: Taylor Ekbatani

22 July 2025 at 21:27

After what felt like the end of the road for the Clean School Bus Program, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency provided an update overview, including the anticipation of additional information regarding the 2024 rebate program.

In an email Monday, the EPA reminded awardees of next steps for the rebate and grant programs, provided program oversight and compliance, and shared resources and news.

For the 2022 CSB Rebate, EPA said it completed review of most school bus projects and Close Out Forms, or COF, submitted by rebate recipients. EPA also said it is actively working with selectees to ensure accuracy and completeness. For those who have not completed their COF, the EPA is working with those selectees to ensure it is submitted in an expedited fashion.

Additionally, EPA said it is performing site visits with all 2022 CSB rebate recipients.

Meanwhile, about 50 percent of the awarded funding under the 2023 CSB rebate program has been disbursed. The EPA is encouraging all selectees to submit their payment request forms (PRF) for those projects. If the PRF has not been submitted, selectees must either submit the form as soon as possible or request an extension via the online portal.

Upon completing the PRF, rebate selectees will receive an official funds disbursement email from the EPA, with the money typically available within seven to 10 days. Once selectees receive the funds they must “email the EPA’s Office of the Chief Financial Officer (EPA-CSB-FinancialReporting@epa.gov) within 10-business days of spending their funds on eligible expenses or passing the rebate funds to a third-party to complete the purchase for eligible expenses,” the EPA stated.

When school buses are deployed and replaced, and infrastructure is installed, the EPA stated that selectees will need to submit their 2023 COF.

EPA also reminded Clean School Bus Program grant recipients of the July 30 deadline for filing semi-annual reports, which cover January through June 2025. The EPA asked that all selectees submit their progress reports to the EPA project officer.

Additional information regarding the 2024 rebate program is forthcoming, EPA said.

The EPA is also hosting various webinars through its Office of Grants and Departments that could be of interest to grant awardees as well as webinars through the Automated Standard Application for Payments.

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Merging Net Zero With Zero Waste: One solution to biofuel feedstock shortage

Alternative Energy HQ

By: newenergy

16 July 2024 at 18:48

The international biofuels industry has found an unlikely ally in the waste management sector. A heightened global urgency to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) is incentivizing renewable fuels production like never before, but the International Energy Agency (IEA) recently warned of an impending feedstock shortage for biodiesel, renewable diesel and biojet (aviation fuel) production, estimated …

The post Merging Net Zero With Zero Waste: One solution to biofuel feedstock shortage appeared first on Alternative Energy HQ.

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Credit: Ford / GM / Slate / EPA